This title includes the technical papers developed for the 2019 Stapp Car Crash Conference, the premier forum for the presentation of research in impact biomechanics, human injury tolerance, and related fields, advancing the knowledge of land-vehicle crash injury protection.
Topics covered in this issue include:
- Machine Learning Based Model for Predicting Head Injury Criterion (HIC)
- Investigating Combined Thoracic Loading Using the Elderly Female Dummy (EFD)
- Passenger Injury Analysis Considering Vehicle Crash after AEB Activation
- Factors Affecting Child Injury Risk in Motor-Vehicle Crashes
- A Sensor Suite for Toeboard Three-Dimensional Deformation Measurement During Crash
- Brain Strain from Motion of Sparse Markers
- Short Communications
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Pedestrian Detection During Vehicle Backing Maneuvers Using Ultrasonic Parking Sensors Yasuhiro Matsui and Naruyuki Hosokawa — National Traffic Safety and Environment Laboratory, Japan Shoko Oikawa — Tokyo Metropolitan University, Japan Abstract Ultrasonic parking sensors are an active technology designed to alert drivers to the presence of objects behind their vehicle but not the presence of a human. The purpose of this study was therefore to ascertain if these sensor systems can successfully detect a human subject. We accordingly conducted experiments…
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A Sensor Suite for Toeboard Three-Dimensional Deformation Measurement During Crash Mengyu Song and Cong Chen — Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Tomonari, Furukawa — University of Virginia Azusa Nakata and Shinsuke Shibata — Honda R&D Co., Ltd. Abstract This paper presents the development of a sensor suite that is used to measure the toeboard threedimensional (3D) dynamic deformation during a crash test, along with the methodology to use the sensor suite for toeboard measurement. The sensor suite consists of…
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A Novel Approach to Scaling Age-, Sex-, and Body Size-Dependent Thoracic Responses using Structural Properties of Human Ribs Yun-Seok Kang, John H. Bolte IV, and Amanda M. Agnew — Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Jason Stammen and Kevin Moorhouse — National Highway Traffic Safety Administration Abstract Thoracic injuries are frequently observed in motor vehicle crashes, and rib fractures are the most common of those injuries. Thoracic response targets have previously been developed from data obtained from post-mortem human subject (PMHS) tests in frontal loading conditions,…
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Assessment of Several THOR Thoracic Injury Criteria based on a New Post Mortem Human Subject Test Series and Recommendations Xavier Trosseille and Philippe Petit — LAB PSA Renault Jérôme Uriot, Pascal Potier, and Pascal Baudrit — CEESAR Abstract Several studies, available in the literature, were conducted to establish the most relevant criterion for predicting the thoracic injury risk on the THOR dummy. The criteria, such as the maximum deflection or a combination of parameters including the difference between the chest right and left deflections, were all developed based on…
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Analysis of Force Mitigation by Boots in Axial Impacts using a Lower Leg Finite Element Model Carolyn E. Hampton, Michael Kleinberger — U.S. Army Research Laboratory Michael Schlick, Narayan Yoganandan, and Frank A. Pintar — Medical College of Wisconsin at Zablocki Medical Center Abstract Lower extremity injuries caused by floor plate impacts through the axis of the lower leg are a major source of injury and disability for civilian and military vehicle occupants. A collection of PMHS pendulum impacts was revisited to obtain data for paired…
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Kinematic and Biomechanical Response of Post-Mortem Human Subjects Under Various Pre-Impact Postures to High-Rate Vertical Loading Conditions Lauren Wood Zaseck, Anne C. Bonifas, Carl S. Miller, Nichole Ritchie Orton, and Matthew P. Reed — University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Constantine K. Demetropoulos, Kyle A. Ott, Christopher J. Dooley, Nathanael P. Kuo, Leah M. Strohsnitter, Joseph R. Andrist, Mary E. Luongo, David G. Drewry III, and Andrew C. Merkle — The John Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory Jonathan D. Rupp — Emory University Abstract Limited data exist…
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Biofidelic Evaluation of the Large Omni-Directional Child Anthropomorphic Test Device in Low Speed Loading Conditions Thomas Seacrist, Jalaj Maheshwari, and Valentina Graci — The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Christine M. Holt, Raul Akkem, and Gregory Chingas — Drexel University Ethan C. Douglas and Madeline Griffith — University of Pennsylvania Aimee J. Palumbo — Temple University Abstract Motor vehicle crashes remain the leading cause of death for children. Traditionally, restraint design has focused on the crash phase of the impact with an optimally seated occupant. In…
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Factors Affecting Child Injury Risk in Motor-Vehicle Crashes Marco Benedetti, Kathleen D. Klinich, Miriam A. Manary, and Carol A.C. Flannagan — University of Michigan Transportation Research Institute Abstract Current recommendations for restraining child occupants are based on biomechanical testing and data from national and international field studies primarily conducted prior to 2011. We hypothesized that analysis to identify factors associated with pediatric injury in motor-vehicle crashes using a national database of more recent police-reported crashes in the United…
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Response Ratio Development for Lateral Pendulum Impact with Porcine Thorax and Abdomen Surrogate Equivalents Jennifer L. Yaek and John M. Cavanaugh — Wayne State University Stephen W. Rouhana — Vehicle Safety Sciences LLC Abstract There has been recent progress over the past 10 years in research comparing 6-year-old thoracic and abdominal response of pediatric volunteers, pediatric post mortem human subjects (PMHS), animal surrogates, and 6-year-old ATDs. Although progress has been made to guide scaling laws of adult to pediatric thorax and abdomen data for…
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A Shoulder Injury Criterion for the EuroSID-2re Applicable in a Large Loading Condition Spectrum of the Military Domain Matthieu Lebarbé and Pascal Baudrit — CEESAR Denis Lafont — DGA-TT, French Ministry of Defense Abstract The EuroSID-2re (ES-2re) is an Anthropometric Test Device (ATD) from the automotive domain designed for lateral impact. Since the 2000’s, it has also been used by NATO armies to assess the risk of injury to armored vehicles occupants submitted to an Improvised Explosive Device (IED) attack. The resulting loading conditions from an explosion can…
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Far Side Impact Injury Threshold Recommendations Based on 6 Paired WorldSID / Post Mortem Human Subjects Tests Philippe Petit and Xavier Trosseille — LAB PSA Peugeot Citroën Renault (Nanterre – France) Jérôme Uriot, David Poulard, Pascal Potier, and Pascal Baudrit — CEESAR (Nanterre – France) Sabine Compigne — Toyota Motor Europe NV/SA (Belgium) Masato Kunisada and Kenji Tsurui — Toyota Motor Corporation (Japan) Abstract Far side has been identified in the literature as a potential cause of numerous injuries and fatalities. Euro NCAP developed a far side…
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PMHS and WorldSID Kinematic and Injury Response in Far-Side Events in a Vehicle-Based Test Environment Daniel Perez-Rapela, John-Paul Donlon, Jason L. Forman, and Jeff R. Crandall — University of Virginia, Center for Applied Biomechanics Bengt Pipkorn and Benjamin K. Shurtz — Autoliv Craig Markusic — Honda R&D Americas Abstract Far-side kinematics and injury are influenced by the occupant environment. The goal of the present study was to evaluate in-vehicle human far-side kinematics, kinetics and injury and to assess the ability of the WorldSID to represent…
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Development of a Subhuman Primate Brain Finite Element Model to Investigate Brain Injury Thresholds Induced by Head Rotation Tushar Arora and Liying Zhang — Wayne State University Priya Prasad — Prasad Engineering, LLC Abstract An anatomically detailed rhesus monkey brain FE model was developed to simulate in vivo responses of the brain of sub-human primates subjected to rotational accelerations resulting in diffuse axonal injury (DAI). The material properties used in the monkey model are those in the GHBMC 50th percentile male head model (Global Human Body Model Consortium)….
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Human Response and Injury Resulting from Head Impacts with Unmanned Aircraft Systems David B. Stark, Arrianna K. Willis, Zach Eshelman, Yun-Seok Kang, Rakshit Ramachandra, and John H. Bolte IV — Injury Biomechanics Research Center, The Ohio State University Matthew McCrink — Aerospace Research Center, The Ohio State University Abstract Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), commonly known as drones, are part of a new and budding industry in the United States. Economic and public benefits associated with UAS use across multiple commercial sectors are…
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Brain Strain from Motion of Sparse Markers Zhou Zhou, Xiaogai Li, and Svein Kleiven — KTH Royal Institute of Technology Warren N. Hardy — Virginia Tech-Wake Forest Center for Injury Biomechanics Abstract Brain strain secondary to head impact or inertial loading is closely associated with pathologic observations in the brain. The only experimental brain strain dataset under loadings close to traumatic levels was calculated by imposing the experimentally measured motion of markers embedded in the brain to…
Publisher: The Stapp Association
Specs: Published by The Stapp Association with a Product Code of B-STAPP2019, ISBN of 978-0-9911333-6-9, ISSN of 1532-8546, and 365 pages in a softbound binding